本项目提出了一种基于先进生物制造技术制备纤维素纳米复合材料的新工艺过程，通过生物技术与纳米技术的有机结合，以细菌纤维素为分子组装的纳米机器人，用分子模板、动态微流控控制及电磁等方法在纳米尺寸范围诱导微生物的运动方向，经调控所分泌微纤维的排列模式，“自下而上”自动构筑由纤维素纳米纤维编织的具有特定规则图案的三维复合材料。通过阐明在可控制造过程中的基本科学问题，建立在纳米尺度有序控制材料组装的新方法和新理论，为构筑具有多层次高度精细结构的仿生医用材料（如人工肌腱等），或具有各向异性的多组分精密光电材料，提供重要科学依据。

   In this study, a new process based on advanced manufacturing technology for making cellulose nano-compisite materials has been proposed, via the combination of biological technology and nanotechnology. In this approach, bacteria are taken as nano robots, and molecular template，microfluidic techniques and electromagnetic techniques could be used to control the movements of microorganisms on nano scale, so that the array of the microfibers excreted by the bacteria may be tuned, and three-dimensional composite materials with specific patterns made from cellulose nano fibers can be automatically fabricated with the “bottom up” method. The fundamental scientific issues regarding the controllable manufacture process can be tackled, and new methods and theories on how to control the ordered assembly of materials on nano scale may be established. The above results will provide scientific evidences for manufacturing biomimetic and medical materials with multi-layers and highly fine structure, such as artificial muscle, as well as the anisotropic and multi-component fine photoelectrical materials.