writer：Mukun He, Kaiyu Zhang, Hua Qiu, Hua Guo, Xiangcheng Li, Yongqiang Guo, Yali Zhang*, Junwei Gu*
keywords：Composites, L, S, and C band, Low-frequency microwave absorption, Multiple losses
source：期刊
Issue time：2025年
Mukun He, Kaiyu Zhang, Hua Qiu, Hua Guo, Xiangcheng Li, Yongqiang Guo, Yali Zhang*, Junwei Gu*. Low-frequency Microwave Absorption Composites. Advanced Science, 2025, 10.1002/advs.202511580. 2024IF=14.1.（1区综合性Top期刊）
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202511580
Abstract
Electromagnetic wave devices and components operating in the low-frequency band of 1~8 GHz (L, S, and C bands) have been widely applied in wireless data communication systems, satellite radar, and other fields. However, traditional low-frequency microwave absorption materials (MAMs) suffer from issues such as large thickness, heavy weight, difficult impedance matching, insufficient low-frequency microwave loss, and poor environmental stability, severely limiting use and development. In recent years, researchers construct composite systems combining various types of loss, coupled with component adjustments and structural design strategies, significantly improving the impedance matching and multiple loss synergy effects for low-frequency MAMs. Based on the above, this review briefly introduces the basic principle of microwave absorption and the influence factors of low-frequency microwave absorption performance, and systematically reviews the recent research progress of carbon-based composites, magnetics-based composites, polymer-based composites, ceramic-based composites and multiphase hybrid composites. Additionally, the intrinsic relationship and mechanisms are discussed in detail between the micro-structure and macro-performance of different composites. Furthermore, the key scientific and technical bottleneck problems that need to be addressed in the design and preparation of low-frequency MAMs are identified. It is expected to provide theoretical guidance for the controlled preparation and performance regulation of low-frequency microwave absorption composites.
在1~8 GHz低频范围（L、S和C波段）内工作的电磁波设备和器件已广泛应用于无线数据通信系统、卫星雷达等领域，对低频微波吸收材料的性能提出了更高要求。然而，传统的低频微波吸收材料普遍存在厚度大、质量重、阻抗匹配难、低频电磁波损耗不足、环境稳定性差等问题，严重制约了其在实际应用中的使用与发展。近年来，研究者通过构建多种类型损耗材料的复合体系，结合组分调控与结构设计策略，显著提升了低频微波吸收材料的阻抗匹配性能和多重损耗协同效应，推动了低频高效微波吸收材料的快速发展。基于此，本综述简要介绍了微波吸收的基本原理和低频微波吸收性能的影响因素，系统性综述了碳基复合材料、磁性材料基复合材料、聚合物基复合材料、陶瓷基复合材料和多相杂化复合材料的最新研究进展。重点探讨了不同复合材料的“微观结构-宏观性能”的内在关系和吸波机理，指出了设计和制备低频微波吸收材料亟待解决的关键科学和技术瓶颈问题，希冀为低频微波吸收复合材料的可控制备和性能调控提供理论指导。