writer：An Liu, Yali Zhang*, Xingshen Xu, Jie Kong and Junwei Gu*
keywords：Multi-field coordinated regulation, Filler angle, Electromagnetic interference shielding, Intelligent response
source：期刊
Issue time：2026年

An Liu, Yali Zhang*, Xingshen Xu, Jie Kong and Junwei Gu*. Multi-Field Synergy for Orchestrating Filler Angles in Polyimide Aerogels with Switchable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. Advanced Materials, 2026, 10.1002/adma.73267. 2024IF=26.8

https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.73267

Abstract

The fast-evolving IT sector necessitates intelligent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials capable of real-time, environment-responsive. While current approaches based on reconstructing conductive networks through mechanical strain enable dynamically responsive shielding, but face a narrow tuning range, inadequate stability, and practical limitations. To address this, we propose an electric/magnetic field synergistic regulation strategy. This approach enables precise control over the alignment angle between reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and nickel nanowires (NiNWs) by manipulating the external field direction, producing rGO@NiNWs/polyimide aerogels with three-dimensional ordered networks. Leveraging this design, the aerogels achieve reversible, wide-range tuning of EMI shielding performance through simple physical rotation, enabling reliable “on/off” switching capability. The oriented structure also optimizes both filler interconnection efficiency and interfacial polarization. With an rGO@NiNWs content of 80 wt% and an inter-phase angle of 90°, the aerogels demonstrate excellent ultra-wideband EMI shielding performance across gigahertz and terahertz bands, with an average shielding effectiveness of 85 dB in the terahertz band, alongside good stability in extreme environments. Finite element simulations further reveal how the spatial configuration of rGO@NiNWs governs the shielding behavior and intelligent response mechanism. This study paves the way for next-generation intelligent electromagnetic protection materials, with promising potential for aerospace and wearable applications.

信息技术的飞速发展迫切需要开发实时环境响应型智能电磁屏蔽材料，目前基于机械应变重构导电网络的方法虽能实现屏蔽性能的动态响应，但仍受限于可调范围有限、稳定性不足及实用性欠缺等瓶颈。为解决上述问题，本文提出了一种电/磁场（EH）协同调控策略，通过调控外场方向精准调节还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）与镍纳米线（NiNWs）间的夹角角度，制得具有三维有序网络的rGO@NiNWs/聚酰亚胺复合气凝胶。得益于电/磁场协同调控策略，该气凝胶仅通过物理旋转即可实现屏蔽性能在宽动态范围内的可逆调节，精准实现了智能电磁“开/关”特性。此外，该结构显著优化了填料搭接效率与界面极化效应。当rGO@NiNWs质量分数为80 wt%且两相夹角为90o时，该复合气凝胶在吉赫兹和太赫兹频段均展现出优异的超宽频电磁屏蔽性能，其中太赫兹频段的平均屏蔽性能高达85 dB，并在极端环境下仍保持良好的环境稳定性。通过有限元模拟进一步揭示了rGO@NiNWs空间构型对屏蔽性能的影响机制及其智能响应原理。本研究为发展下一代智能电磁防护材料的发展提供了新思路，并在航空航天与可穿戴设备等领域展现出广阔应用前景。