[Advanced Materials] Direct-Ink-Writing Printed Aerogels with Dynamically Reversible Thermal Management and Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
writer：Yali Zhang, An Liu, Yuanyuan Tian, Yujia Tian, Xiaosi Qi, Hua Qiu, Mukun He, Kun Zhou*, Junwei Gu*.
keywords：3D printing, Direct ink writing, Dynamically reversible thermal management, Electromagnetic interference shielding, Infrared stealth
source：期刊
specific source：Advanced Materials
Issue time：2025年
Yali Zhang, An Liu, Yuanyuan Tian, Yujia Tian, Xiaosi Qi, Hua Qiu, Mukun He, Kun Zhou*, Junwei Gu*. Direct-Ink-Writing Printed Aerogels with Dynamically Reversible Thermal Management and Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. Advanced Materials, 2025, 37: 2505521. 2024IF=26.8.（1区材料科学Top期刊）
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202505521
Abstract
Achieving both structural precision and tunable performance in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials remains a critical challenge, particularly for adaptive applications. Herein, a strategy is proposed that integrates calcium chloride (CaCl2)-induced elastic activation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing to address the limitations in structural design and performance adjustability of EMI shielding materials. By leveraging CaCl2-crosslinked CMC (CCMC) as a flexible matrix, honeycomb-structured (Ti3C2Tx/Fe3O4/CCMC)–(Ag nanowire (AgNW)/CCMC) aerogels is fabricated with precise architecture and tunable shielding effectiveness under mechanical compression. With a 35% printing fill density, 40 wt% Ti3C2Tx, and 60% compressive strain, the aerogel achieves an optimal shielding effectiveness of 80 dB. Additionally, the aerogel exhibits reversible infrared stealth and dynamically switchable thermal properties (from 0.08 to 0.67 W·m-1·K-1) in response to environmental humidity variations. This work demonstrates a versatile approach for structurally adaptive EMI shielding materials with self-regulating thermal behavior, offering promising applications in harsh environment protection, intelligent thermal camouflage, and adaptive shielding for next-generation aerospace and communication technologies.
电磁屏蔽材料结构的可控设计及性能可调性对其性能稳定性及适用性至关重要。在此，本文提出了引入吸湿性盐CaCl2以激活羧甲基纤维素（CMC）弹性行为的策略，并结合墨水直写（DIW）3D打印解决了电磁屏蔽材料结构的可控性及性能可调性差的问题。以CaCl2交联的CMC（CCMC）为基体，通过逐层DIW 3D打印沉积、真空冷冻干燥得到蜂窝结构(Ti3C2Tx/Fe3O4/CCMC)–(AgNW/CCMC)气凝胶。蜂窝结构(Ti3C2Tx/Fe3O4/CCMC)–(AgNW/CCMC)气凝胶具有良好的压缩回弹性，可通过改变压缩应变来调控该气凝胶的电磁屏蔽性能。当打印填充密度为35%、Ti3C2Tx质量分数为40 wt%、气凝胶压缩应变为60%时，该气凝胶电磁屏蔽性能最佳（80 dB）。该气凝胶同时具有优异的红外隐身特性，可满足高温目标长期红外隐身的应用需求。另外，该气凝胶在干冷/湿热的环境下可实现隔热（0.08 W·m-1·K-1）/导热（0.67 W·m-1·K-1）的可逆转换，有望解决大型电子设备无法实现动态可逆热管理的问题。