writer：Feng Ni, P. Xiao*, N.X. Qiu, C. Zhang, J.C. Gu, Z.X. Zeng, L.P. Wang, Q,J. Xue, and Tao Chen*
keywords：collective behaviors, sand aggregate, solar energy, multifunction, purified water collection under changeable environments
source：期刊
specific source：Nano Energy, 2019, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104311.
Issue time：2020年

As a renewable and efficient technology, interfacial solar heating has emerged as a new and promising avenue for treating undrinkable water to clean one via a variety of well-designed solar absorbers. However, it is still urgent to develop an accessible material system in a simple, low-cost and effective way to easily tackle water shortage. Inspired by natural sand with highly important role in purifying water during the natural recycling, in this work, we demonstrate a concept of an all-round black sand aggregate with specific collective behaviors for environmentally adaptable clean water collection from seawater, polluted water and even atmospheric moisture. To endow the raw sand desirable photo-thermal features, polydopamine and Cl--doped polypyyrole are successively modified onto the sand surface for a stable structure. Owing to the specific aggregative structure of the black sands, a self-channelled device combined adjustable 2D/3D solar-driven evaporation can be readily achieved, and yield a high evaporation performance (1.43 kg m?2 h?1) in comparison with other reported naturally derived materials. Notably, the black sand aggregate could handle with oil-contained polluted water (P-WA) to guarantee high-efficient and sustainable water purification. Furthermore, even if in some draughty areas or deserts, the collective black sands could also extract water from air by absorbing atmospheric moisture and sequentially realizing an in situ water evaporation by heat location. The successful demonstration of multifunctional black sand aggregate may provide a new avenue for purified water collection under changeable environments.