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Xiaofeng Hu, Minzi Zhai, Yali Zhang, Lei Wang*, Junwei Gu*. Multiple Hydrogen-Bonding Network Engineered Multi-Layered Polyurethane Aerogels for Absorption-Dominant Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Advanced Functional Materials, 2026, 10.1002/adfm.78248. 2025IF=19.9.
http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.78248
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of 5G technologies and wearable electronics has intensified electromagnetic interference (EMI), posing a substantial challenge to device reliability and human health. Consequently, lightweight, flexible, high-performance, and multifunctional EMI shielding materials are urgently demanded. In this work, multi-hydrogen-bonded waterborne polyurethane (H-WPU) was synthesized via polycondensation and combined with MXene and MXene@CoFe2O4 fillers. Using a layered freezing and freeze-drying strategy, (MXene@CoFe2O4/H-WPU, B)-(MXene/H-WPU, A)-(MXene@CoFe2O4/H-WPU) EMI shielding aerogels were fabricated. The densely crosslinked hydrogen-bond network reinforced the H-WPU and established strong interfacial interactions with MXene and MXene@CoFe2O4, thereby suppressing filler agglomeration, improving impedance matching, and facilitating the uniform distribution of conductive and magnetic loss pathways. As a result, the B-A-B aerogels achieved EMI shielding effectiveness of 81 and 83 dB in the X and Ku bands, respectively, with reflection coefficients as low as 0.14 and 0.11. Excellent absorption-dominant shielding performance was maintained over a wide range of incident angles. The aerogels also exhibited outstanding mechanical resilience, stable pressure sensing over 1000 loading-unloading cycles, low thermal conductivity (0.097 W·m?1·K?1), and robust infrared camouflage performance. This molecular engineering strategy provides a promising route toward next-generation lightweight, flexible, multifunctional EMI shielding materials integrating sensing and thermal management.
随着5G与可穿戴设备的普及，电磁干扰严重威胁器件稳定性并危害人体健康，开发轻质、柔性、高屏蔽、多功能的电磁屏蔽材料迫在眉睫。本文通过缩聚反应成功合成了具有多重氢键交联结构的水性聚氨酯（H-WPU），与MXene和MXene@CoFe2O4填料共混复合，采用“逐层冷冻-冷冻干燥”法制备(MXene@CoFe2O4/H-WPU，B)-(MXene/H-WPU，A)-(MXene@CoFe2O4/H-WPU)（B-A-B）电磁屏蔽气凝胶。密集的氢键交联网络不仅显著增强了H-WPU基体的力学性能，还能与MXene及MXene@CoFe2O4表面的极性基团形成强界面氢键，有效抑制填料团聚、优化阻抗匹配并促进导电/磁损耗通路的均匀分布。B-A-B气凝胶在X波段和Ku波段分别实现了81 dB和83 dB的优异电磁屏蔽性能，平均反射系数低至0.14和0.11，且在任意入射面均表现出低反射特性。此外，氢键网络的引入赋予了B-A-B气凝胶优异的压缩回弹性（100次循环回弹率93.6%）、稳定的压力传感性能（1000次循环）、低导热系数（0.097 W/(m·K)）及宽温域红外伪装能力。这种基于基体分子工程的多功能气凝胶，为开发轻质、柔性、低反射的下一代电磁防护材料提供了新思路。
第一作者：胡笑枫
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